Article 14
Equality before the law
The law treats every person the same, no matter who they are.
Real life
Two students break the same school rule. Both must face the same punishment — even if one has famous parents.
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Know your rights
The Constitution, in words you actually use.
All rights (12)
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Article 15
No discrimination
You cannot be treated worse because of your religion, race, caste, sex or birthplace.
Real life
A sports coach refuses to pick a girl for the school team only because she is a girl. That is discrimination.
Article 17
Untouchability is abolished
Treating someone as 'untouchable' because of caste is a crime.
Real life
A student is told to sit separately at lunch because of their caste. That is illegal, not tradition.
Article 19(1)(a)
Freedom of speech and expression
You can share your opinions through words, art, writing or online posts.
Real life
You write a school magazine article criticising the canteen food. You cannot be punished just for the opinion.
Article 19(1)(b)
Freedom to assemble peacefully
You can gather peacefully with others, without weapons.
Real life
Students hold a quiet sit-in asking for cleaner washrooms. Peaceful gathering is protected.
Article 19(1)(c)
Freedom to form groups
You can form or join clubs, unions and associations.
Real life
You start a debate club with friends. A refusal needs a real reason, not just 'no'.
Article 19(1)(d)-(e)
Freedom of movement and residence
You can travel and live anywhere in India.
Real life
Your family moves to another state for work. No permit is needed to live and study there.
Article 21A
Right to education
Every child aged 6 to 14 has a right to free and compulsory schooling.
Real life
A school asks for a donation before admitting a 10-year-old. Free education means that fee is not allowed.
Articles 29-30
Rights of minorities in education
Communities can protect their language and culture and run their own schools.
Real life
A Tamil-speaking community in Delhi opens a school teaching in Tamil. That is protected.
Article 21
Right to life and personal liberty
No one can take your life or freedom except by a fair legal procedure.
Real life
Police cannot detain a student without following the law and telling them why.
Article 21 (Puttaswamy, 2017)
Right to privacy
Your body, your data and your personal choices are yours to control.
Real life
An app asks for your contacts and photos to run a calculator. You can say no — that data is not needed.
Article 22
Protection when arrested
If you are arrested you must be told why and can talk to a lawyer.
Real life
A 17-year-old is picked up for questioning. They must be informed of the reason and produced before a magistrate within 24 hours.